Type-writing machine



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J. JACKSON.

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TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented Nov. 20, 1894. &/7

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5 Sheets-Sheet 4. J. J AOKSON. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 529,387. Patented Nov. 20, 1894.

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J. JACKSON. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 529,387. Patented NovpZO, 1894.

E a m E w E J E n E E EEE V E EEE E EEEMEE E ..E E E E 0 E J x \1 Y E EUNITED STATES PATENT EErcE,

JOHN JACKSON, OF CLINTON, IOVA.

TYPE-WRITING MACHIN E.

SEECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 529,387, dated November20, 1894.

Application filed November 9, 1892. Renewed February 17, 1894. SerialNo. 500,579. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN JACKSON, a citizen of the United States,residing at Clinton, in the county of Clinton and State of Iowa, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvementsin Type-Writinglllachines;and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to type-writing machines, and especially to thatclass of such machines in which the type-carriage has an intermittentfeed, while the whole machine when used upon abook is given a separatemovement for the line-space.

It is one purpose of my invention to pro- .vide a novel means foreffecting these movements and to improve the construction of thekey-levers by which the differential movement of the type-disk and theintermittent feed of the type-carriage are effected.

It is my purpose also to efiect the several type-selections by means ofthe differential movement of a single selecting-gear and to effect thedifferentiation of this movement in such manner that the severalmovements of the type-disk shall be, for lower-case letters, always inthe same direction and for uppercase, or caps, in the oppositedirection. This part of myinvention also includes means for shifting thedevices by which the type-disk is enabled to make the two oppositemovements for upper-case and lower-case.

It is a further purpose of my invention to combine with thetype-carriage and with the devices whereby said carriage is given anintermittent feed-movement for the letterspace, means whereby allside-displacement or lateral inaccuracy of movement will be prevented,thereby giving a perfect and accurate alignment to every letter struck.I also propose to provide a novel and simple feed-movement for thetype-carriage and to cause the type-carriage to automatically re turn toits position at one end of each line, the means by which this isaccomplished being such that the line shall be complete, in all cases,according to the division of words and punctuation followed by theoperator.

It is one special purpose of my invention to provide a book-type-writerwhich may be used on ledgers or record-books of any kind,

in which the line-space shall be made by the side of the book may may beheld perfectly flat, and in suitable position for the feedmovement ofthe type-writing machine, or with both surfaces, back and leaf,substantially in the same horizontal plane, it being,

however, one feature of this invention that each of these leaf-holdersshall be independently adjustable.

It is my purpose, also, to provide a typewriting machinein whichtheink-ribbonsumf" r V be not materially greater in length than theline-length and to combine with the ribbonholding devices simple meanswhereby the ribbon shall have an automatic feed of limited extent atright angles to the line of movement of the type-carriage, given at theend of each line, or at either end of the line, as the case may be,whereby a new or fresh inking-surface is provided for each line, as faras the width of the ribbon extends.

Finally, it is the purpose of my invention to combine with the machineand with the frame upon which its operative parts are mounted, a guidewhereby the movement of the type-writer by which the line-space isformed may be easily and accurately effected,

the construction of these parts being such that the type-writing machineshall move upon the page upon which it is making its imprint.

It is also one purpose of this invention to 5 provide a base orfoundation-piece upon which the type-Writer may be mounted and by whichthe paper may be supported, when single and separate sheets are used,and. to

combine with this base means whereby the I00 ordinary paper-feed may beeffected, when single sheets are used, in a manner similar Most of 60 tothat used in the Remington and other type-writers in which apaper-cylinder is employed to give the line-space.

To enable others skilled in the art to fully understand, make, and usemy invention, I will now proceed to describe the same in detail,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 isa plan view of a machine constructed in accordance with my invention.Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken at right angles to the line ofmovement of the typecarriage, one of the interior ends of the machinebeing shown in elevation. Fig. 3 is a partial plan view, showing indetail the devices whereby the ink ribbon receives its movement at theend of a line. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 1.Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of one of the interior ends of themachine, showing part of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 isa sectional elevation of the interior end-face of the machine, showingthe opposite ends to that illustrated in Fig. 5. Fig. 6 is a detail planview of certain parts of the mechanism shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 7 is adetail perspective of the devices by which the ink ribbon is held orclamped at the ends on the ribbon-stretching-frame. Fig. 8 is a detail,front elevation of the type-carriage, showing the gearing by which thedifferential movement is effected in the type-selection, and, also,showing the plunger and rectifier by which the alignment is renderedaccurate and by which, also, the type are struck and impressed. Fig. 9is a side elevation of the type-carriage and of the parts shown in Fig.8. Fig. 10 is a vertical s gtion, partly in side-elevation, of themechanism shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 11 is a broken segment in plan of thetype-disk, showing the elastic arms upon which the type are mounted, andthe teeth by which the alignment of the type is effected. Fig. 12 is adetail elevation of the spur-gear on the type carriage, to show thespring by which the type disk and segment-gear are returned to normalposition after each type-selection. Fig. 13 is a perspective view,showing the book holder or leaf holder. Fig. 14 is a plan view of thesame. Fig. 15 is a detail view, in perspective, of one of the jointedplates by which the parallel movement of the leaf-holding plates iseffected.

In the said drawings, the reference numeral 1 denotes the side-pieces ofthe type-writer frame, in which the larger number of the mechanicalparts have support. Ordinarily, I make these pieces of metal plate,although they may be of skeleton form,if preferred.

The general form of the machine is rectangular; and the numeral 2indicates the back portion of the frame, the front being entirely 0 en.

In my present invention, the type I prefer to form of steel, and tomount thesame upon the extremities of elastic strips or arms, whichradiate from the center of a type-disk, which forms part of thetype-carriage, this disk having a rotary movement to eifectthetype-selection and an intermittent movement for the letter space. Inthis respect, the invention is not substantially different from that inmy former applications, Serial Nos. 413, 309 and 413,310, both of whichwere filed on the 27th day of November, 1891. In this invention,however, the feed of the type-carriage is effected by entirely differentmeans, and I will describe this feature as this constitutes one of theelements of my present invention, the object being to give a perfect andaccurate alignment with the least possible number of parts.

The type-carriage consists of a housing or casing 3 within which issupported a vertical shaft 4, upon which are mounted two bevel gears 5and 6. The shaft upon which these gears are mounted is fixed in thehousing 3 but upon said shaft is keyed a clutch 7 operated by a clutchlever 8, provided with a forked end 9. the vertical shaft of thetype-carriage, one of the two bevel gears on said shaft is locked to theshaft 4, which is thereby caused to revolve in one direction, or theother, by means of a bevel-gear 10 upon a horizontal axis, journaled insuitable supports in the typecarriage, and receiving its impulse ormovement from a spur gear 12, formedor mounted upon the bevel gear 10,and of somewhat greater diameter. The movemeutof this spur gear is givenby means of a long segment gear 13 extending the entire length of themachine, and mounted upon hanging arms 14 pivoted at a point above thetype-carriage, as shown by the numeral 15 in Fig. 5. This segment gearis formed upon a comparatively large radius, but is of short are, as themovement of the type-disk, in order to obtain the different typeselections, is of comparatively limited extent. This disk consistssubstantially of a gear 15 of suitable diameter mounted upon thevertical shaft 4. It is provided upon its periphery with a series ofbeveled projections corresponding closely to gear teeth in form, buthaving no gear connection with any other part of the mechanism. Theseteeth are beveled upwardly and outwardly for the rectification of theposition of the type and for the securing of proper alignment.

The type, which are composed of two series of upper and lower caseletters, are mounted upon elastic arms 16, radiating from the center ofthe type-disk upon its lower surface, the type being formed upon thelower faces of these arms at or near their extremities, and beingarranged so as to lie between the projecting points of the disk, wherethey will be in the path of astriker or plunger17 mounted upon theforward end of the carriage, and having reciprocation by means presentlyto be described.

By reference to Fig. 8 of the drawings, it

By shifting this clutch upon I or striker is beveled on both sides to asharp edge to enable it to enter between the projections of thetype-disk and center the same, or bring the type into proper alignmentby a slight rotary movement in all cases wherever the type-disk may havestopped short of its proper point or been carried by its own momentumpast this point. By this device the correction in the alignment caneasily be effected by a very slight rotary movement in eitherdirectionproduced by the beveled point of this plunger.

In order to efiect the different selections of type of the samecharacter as, for example, for letters of lowercase or small letters asdistinguished from capitals, it is desirable that the type-disk shallalways have rotation in one and the same direction, as these letters areall arranged therein in separate series of letters from the capitals orother pattern of type. In changing, however, from one series of lettersto the other the successive. partial rotations of the type-disk will bein the opposite direction, but by the same movements of the segmentgear13. Moreover it will be seen, by Fig. 2 of the drawings, that theengagement of this gear with the spur gear 12 on the type-carriage issuch that an extremely limited swing of the segment gear will produceall the movement that is necessary for making type-selections over half,or nearly half, of the type'disk, and it wilhalso, be seen that thesemovements of selection will, also, be made in one andthe same directionof movement ofboth of these gears. This differential movement iseifected by the following means:-

Upon the two side walls of the casing of the machine are mounted pivotalsupports for a bar 18, whichI term the selection bar, because it is byits movements of different extent that the type-selections are effected.This selection-bar runs from one side of the machine to the otherparallel with the line of movement of the carriage and above or nearlyabove said carriage. Over this bar and transverse thereto extend theseveral keylevers 19. These levers are of similar construction, so faras any essential feature is concerned, but are differentiated one fromthe other by means of the different positions of a slot 20, formed inthe lower edge of each lever at a greater or less distance in front ofthe selection bar. In rear of this slot, the edge of the lever restsupon the selection bar, and the latter in turn is rested upon angularprojections 21 upon the rearwardly and downwardly inclined edges, orupon the rear edges of the arms 14 which support the segment-gear 13.These edges or projections 21 are of such form that the selection bar israised or turned toward the rear, and its angular ends by which it ispivoted upon the walls of the machine are supported in nearly ahorizontal position, so that the push or action of the type-levers 19upon the selection bar will turnthe latter downward and forward, and, atthe same time, swing the segment gear 13 toward the front. As this gearmeshes with the spur gear 12, and as the teeth of the segment gear areof a length nearly equal to' the width of the housing or frame of themachine, the movement of the carriage as it is fed from oneside to theother will not aifect the meshing engagement. The differential movementof the selection bar is effected entirely by the difference in thelength of the key-levers from the point where they are fulcrumed to thepoint where the slot 20 is formed with relation to the selection bar.Thus, it will be seen that in order to swing the bar forward far enoughto enable it to enter the slot in the key-levers, there will be adifference of movement depending entirely upon this difference indistance through which the selection bar must be swung to enable it toenter this slot.

In my previous invention,hereinbefore referred to the several key-leverswere all of exactly the same construction with their slots arranged inline parallel with the movement of the type-carriage; but theselection-bar was arranged at a small angle with said line of movement.In my present invention Iarrange the selection bar in exact parallelismwith the line of movement of the type-carriage, and effect thedifferential movement of the key-levers by the difference in theposition of the slots 20, thereby giving a different extent of the camedges of the key-levers acting upon the selection-bar, and giving ineach case a different length of movement or swing, which is imparted bysaid selection bar to the segment gear. This segment gear 13 is returnedto normal position in all cases by a spiral spring 32, coiled upon oraround the axis of one of the intermeshing gears upon the type-carriage,the tension of this spring being such as to produce a retrogrademovement of the system of gears by which the movement imparted by thesegment gear is transmitted to the type-disk. These parts have anysuitable construction and attachment, and it will be readily understoodthat all the means by which movements of ordinary character are producedmay be capable of wide variation in' construction and combination ofparts. Many of the elements heretofore referred to are common to thiscase and to my previous inventions, shown in my prior applicationsalready referred to, and I will make no reference thereto, save what maybe necessary in order to give a clearer understanding of my presentinvention.

The rectifying and type-impressing plunger 17 is so arranged as to passdown between the fringe of projections 17 upon the type disk and by itsdownward movement bring the disk into correct position to effect anaccurate alignment of the type-impressions, which are all effected bythe impact of the plunger upon the ends of the type-arms 16 upon theextremities of which the types are formed or mounted, the downwardpressure of the plunger being received directly over the point ofattachment of the type, or nearly IIO so, thereby depressing the elastictype-arms and driving the type against the ink-ribbon and paper, whichlies beneath, this type-impression being made directly after thecorrection of position of the type-disk which carries these type-armsand both functions being accomplished by the same device. The lower endof the plunger 17 is beveled upon each side to a point, the bevel beingof such an angle as to adapt it to enter between the fringe ofprojections 17 upon the periphery of the type-disk, each of which isbeveled at an angle opposite to that of the plunger, the latter beingnormally in such position that its doubly beveled point will just clearthe beveled projections on the type-disk. By this construction, as theplunger is driven downward it first engages the beveled face of one orthe other of these projections 17 and gives a slight rotary movement tothe type-disk in one direction or the other, thereby bringing thetype-carrying arm 16, which carries the type selected by the key struck,directly beneath the point of the plunger, and in such position as togive exact and accurate alignment of the letter in every instance. Therectification of the position of the type-disk, which may, at any time,be carried by its own momentum, a little beyond the point of accuratealignment, or which may be arrested a little short of said point, iseffected by the same device which impresses the type and prints theletter an instant after this rectification is effected. The movement ofthis plunger is effected by a rock shaft 24, which is mounted in anysuitable form of support usually upon one side of the type-carriage 3,as shown in Fig. 8, though its position may be considerably varied. Uponone end of this rock-shaft is a lever-arm 25 which is pivotallyconnected to one end of the plunger, the latter being arranged in achannel or groove in the forward end of the type-carriage. At its otherend this shaft is provided with a lever-arm 26, which has engagement atits extremity, with a slot 27, formed in a plate or rigid strip 28,extending from one end of the machine tothe other, and being coextensivewith the line movement of the type-carriage. This strip, which is shownin Figs. 2 and 5, forms part of a frame having end-pieces or arms 29,(see Fig. 5) upon the forward ends of which said strip is rigidlymounted. These supporting arms are pivotally mounted near the rear ofthe machine upon studs 30 and the frame which is rigid is normallyraised or turned upon its pivotal supports by a leaf-spring 31, the endsof which lie beneath lugs 32 formed or mounted upon the inner faces ofthe arms 29-of the frame. This spring is flexed upwardly and at or nearits center has support upon a bracket 33 (Fig. 2), rigidly mounted uponthe rear of the housing and projecting toward the front. Upon theside-arms or ends 29 of the same frame are upwardly-projecting bars 34,their upper ends united by horizontal bar 35,

which lies between the pivotal supports 30 and the forward ends of saidarm rising to such a height that the horizontal bar 35 lies directlybeneath the keylevers, which are constructed to act upon the horizontalbar 35 at each type-impression, and depress the frame carrying thechanneled plate 28 and throw the latter downward as each key-lever isoperated. This movement rocks the shaft 24 by means of the crank arm 26having its end lying and traveling in the channel 27, thereby throwingthe crank-arm 25 at the other end of the rock-shaft downward andoperating the plunger 17 to rectify the type disk as to its position andmake the type-impression. The frame carrying the channel plate 28 israised immediately after each stroke of a key-lever by the spring 31,thereby returning all the parts referred to to their normal position andlifting the plunger 17 just far enough to enable its point to clear thefringe of projections 17 upon the typedisk and remove all obstruction tothe partial rotation of said disk for a new type-selection.

The key-levers 19 are all of similar form, each being provided with asingle slot 20, to engage the selection bar 18 and lock the same duringthe further downward movement of the type-lever struck by which thetypeimpression is made. crumed at their rear ends upon a horizontalfulcrum-support 38, extending from end to end of the housing. Theconnection of'these key-levers with the fulcrum 38 is detachablein formsaid levers having simply notches upon their upper edges at or neartheir rear ends and held in engagement with the fulcrum by means ofsprings 40 of any suitable character, such for example as those shown inFigs. 2 and 5 of the drawings. These springs are independently solderedupon a horizontal support 41, extending from end to end of the machineabove the key levers, and from this support the springs/extend towardthe rear and are turned downward, their ends being bent or provided withany suitable form of terminal 42 which will engage with the lower edgesof the key-levers 19 in front of their fulcrum-support, and normallyraise said 1evers until they are arrested by the horizontal support 41.Upon each key-lever is formed a downwardly projecting portion 43 of suchform as to increase the width of the typelever at a point lying beneaththe horizontal support and projecting in front thereof, its forwardextension being sufficiently extended to overlie the horizontal bar 35,which forms part of the frame including the channel-bar 28. By thisarrangement, as each key-lever is struck the projection 43 upon thelever makes impact upon the horizontal bar 35, carrying the frame, ofwhich the channeled plate 28 forms part, downward, and operating theplunger 17, this movement being exactly the same for each key-lever. Toguide and support these key-levers, which are formed of flat plates ofmetal and which have All the key-levers are ful- ICO no positiveconnection with an axis or fulcrum, the springs 40 are extended from thepoint of their rigid attachment to the horizontal plate 41 downward farenough to include the widened portions of the type-levers formed by theextensions 43. These downward extensions lying upon each side of thekey-levers give sufficient lateral support to prevent any twist or turnof the leverdue to the resistance of the horizontal bar 35, by

which the impressing plunger 17 is operated.

The feed of the typecarriage is effected by means of two independent andpreferably double ratchet plates 44 and 45, extending horizontallynearly from end to end of the machine, and preferably arranged over thetype-carriage, one of these ratchet-plates being rigidly fixed and theother being movable longitudinally. The rigid plate, as shown in thedrawings, is the lower, the movable plate being shown in thisarrangement as placed upon or above the rigid member. It should benoted, however, that this arrangement is inno sense necessary, as Imayarrange these ratchet plates in the same plane or at points remotefrom each other. This arrangement is such that the type-carriage movesbeneath the rigid plate, which I have designated by the numeral 45, andclose enough to the ratchet plates to permit the engagement with itsteeth of a pawl (or pawls) 46, which is pivotally mounted upon thetype-carriage and held by a spring with its nosein engagement with theteeth of said ratchet plate. The movable plate I prefer to place uponthe rigid memher, or immediately above it, its teeth being formed withsubstantially the same pitch, and engaging with an independently-actingpawl or pawls 4'7, also pivoted upon the type-carriage and forconvenience upon the same pivotal axis with the pawl or pawls 46, itsmesh with the teeth of the movable ratchet plates being effected by anindependent spring 48. The feed of the type-carriage is made by thereciprocation of the movable ratchet plate 44, this movement beingproduced at each action of each one of the keylevers during the recoveryor return of said lever to its normal position. I prefer to effect thepositive movement of said ratchet plate 44 by means of a vibrating arm49 forming part of a rock-shaft 50, which is supported in any kind ofsuitable bearings upon one of the interior end-faces of the housing.These bearings for said rock-shaft usually form part of two horizontalplates 51 extending from end to end of the machine and forming supportsor guides for the type-carriage in order to give accuratelineal feedmovement and I utilize these guide-strips as a convenient support fortherock-shaft 50, the rearward end of which is bent toward the opposite endof the housing 3, thus forming a lever-arm upon said rock shaft. The endof this lever-arm engages with a slot 52, formed in a bracket just inrear of the channeled plate 28 (Fig. 5) and at a little distance fromthe arm 29 at the operators right hand end of the machine. The movementof the plate 28, by the action of any one of the key-levers upon the bar35, will throw the channeled plate 28 downward, carrying with it thebracket containing the slot 52 in which lies the end of the lever-arm onthe rock-shaft 50. Said shaft is thereby rocked and a vibrating movementin one direction is communicated to the arm 49 extending upwardly fromsaid rock-shaft. The extremity of this arm 49 engages with the movableratchetplate 44, which is moved to the left of the operator the distanceof one tooth, or thereabout. During this movement the pawl or pawls 46,meshing with the ratchet-plate 45, prevent any movement of thetype-carriage. As the operator releases the key-lever, the latterinstantly rises, and the pressure upon the bar 35 being removed, thespring 31 lifts the arm 29 and plate 28, together with the bracketcarrying the end of the lever-arm on the rock-shaft 50, whereby areverse rocking movement is given the latter and the arm 49 is vibratedtoward the right hand, carrying the movable ratchet-plate 44 toward therighthand. As the pawl or pawls, 47 are meshed with the teeth of thesaid ratchet-plate, the type-carriage is compelled to move with thelatter the distance of one tooth toward the right-hand, and at the endof said movement the pawl or pawls 46, which move with said carriage andride over the toothed edge of the fixed ratchet-plate 45, make a newengagement with said edge and hold the carriage securely against theslightest retrograde movement.

The vibration of the channeled plate 28, while it effects the feedmovement of the type-carriage to give the letter-space, also acts uponthe lever-arm 26, the end of which travels in the channel or slot 27 insaid plate 28, and thereby operates the plunger 17, making a singletype-impression by the downward movement of the plate 28, while thetype-carriage is stationary, and lifting the plunger 17 and permittingthe type-disk to resume its normal position as the plate 28 rises andthe type-carriage is fed forward.

To form the word-space the spacing-bar 56 is depressed the right-handend of bar being suspended from a pivota support 54 by means of a hanger55. The pivotal support 54 is upon the end of a lever 53, fulerumed uponthe right-hand end of the casing upon a sup port 53 (Figs. 2 and 4). Theinner or rearward end of said lever is curved toward the left (Fig. 4)and downward (Fig. 5) and its notched end is brought just in rear of theplate 28 and between the slot 52 and the end bar 29. The notch in theend of said lever 53 engages the lever arm on the rock-shaft 50. Thus, adownward pressure on the spacingbar 56, causes an upward movement of thelever-arm on rock-shaft 50 whereby the typecarriage is moved,simultaneously with said action of the spacing-bar, toward the operatorsright-hand a distance substantially equivalent to the interval betweenthe adjacent teeth upon the ratchet-plate. At the termination of thismovement the pawl or pawls 46 make engagement with a farther tooth uponthe fixed ratchet-plate 45 and lock the type-carriage in its advancedposition. When the spacing-bar 56 is released it is returned to normalposition, together with the lever 53, rock-shaft 50 and ratchet-plate44, by the agency of any suitable spring. This movement of the space-bar56 does not produce action of the channeled plate 28. Moreover, theword-space is produced by a movement of the ratchet-plate 44 to theright which is simultaneous with the depression of said space-bar,whereas the letter-space is produced by the movements of theratchet-plate 44, the first being to the left and the second to theright, the letter-space feed being produced by the latter movement.

I prefer, in all cases, to make each ratchetplate 44 and 45 of duplexform. In that portion of this specification immediately preceding, Ihave referred to the pawls 46 and 47, which mesh with the fixed and themovable ratchet-plates 44 and 45, respectively, as being present eitheras single elements, or in plurality.

While my invention comprises the broad idea including the formerarrangement, it is a feature of much importance that it also includesthe more limited feature of duplex ratchet-plates, each having twointermeshing pawls, or four in the aggregate. I have shown in thedrawings, therefore, the duplex form of ratchet-plate, in which eachratchet consists of two parallel, similarly toothed members, one ofwhich is arranged at or near the front of the type-carriage, and theother member at or near the rear of the same, the object being to notonly feed both the front and the rear end of the type-carriagesimultaneously and equally, but to hold both of said ends positively andequally. By this double, or duplex construction of the ratchet-platesand by'the corresponding duplication of the pawls, and the mechanicalarrangements of parts set forth, I am able to obtain perfect alignment,to effect the letter-space and wordspace feed in the minimum time,without the slightest interference with the automatic restoration toplace of the type-disk and segment-gear and without the slightestimpediment to the maximum speed of operation. Moreover, by means of thispart of my invention I am able to materially reduce the number ofelemental parts, to simplify their construction and arrangement, toeffect an important economy in the first cost of the machine, and toavoid, in a great measure, if not entirely, the previous inaccuracies inalignment and space-feed which have been heretofore encountered whentype-writing machines have been permitted to become foul with dust andvarious accumulations of foreign matter.

The type-selections for both upper and lower case letters are effectedby the key-levers acting for both selections upon the selection-bar inthe same direction of movement. In other words, by referring to Fig. 2,it will be seen that the key-levers in all cases swing the selection bartoward the front of the machine. As the type are arranged upon thetype-disk 15,the lower case letters are in one series upon one part ofsaid disk and the upper case or capital letters are upon another part ordpon the opposite side of the axis of the disk. Economy of movementmakes it desirable that in shifting from one class of letters to theother a rotation should be given to the type-disk in the one case in adirection opposite to that imparted in making the type-se lections forthe other class of letters. To make this shift from one series to theother series, it is desirable to have the simplest possible arrangement,the minimum number of parts and an action of the shifting device of thebriefest and simplest kind. T0 accomplish this, therefore, I reverse therotation of the vertical shaft 4, which carries the typedisk, by asimple clutch, which has been already referred to.

The driving bevel-gear 10 is in mesh with both the bevel gears 5 and 6,upon the opposite ends of the vertical shaft 4 and said shaft is turnedin one direction or the other, according to the engagement of the clutchwith the upper bevel gear 5, or the lower bevel-gear 6. When either oneof these bevel-gears is locked to the shaft 4 by said clutch, the otherbevel-gear turns loosely upon said shaft in the opposite direction. Theclutch is thrown by means of a shifting lever 70, fulcrumed upon one endof the housing 3 and provided with a downwardly curved arm 71, which isconnected by a bar or arm 72 with the forked end 9 of the clutch-lever8. This bar or arm 72 extends to the opposite side of the machine, itsend connecting with a curved arm similar to the curved arm 71, andhaving a support at or near the rear of the machine casing. The shiftinglever 70 is raised into normal position for lower case letters and isheld in said position by means of a spring 73 engaging with a pin 74upon its side. The action of these parts is so obvious that nodescription is necessary.

The ink-ribbon 74 is stretched and held by means of a ribbon-stretchingframe 75, the parallel arms of which lie close to the endwalls of thehousing. The ends of the ribbon are held in the arms by a simple latch76, pivotally attached to each of said arms and swinging over the sameto confine the end of the ribbon which is drawn around the end of thestretching arm. In order that a new ink-surface may be presented'at theend of each line of type-impression I feed the inkribbon a distanceequal to the height of the type as the carriage reaches either end ofthe line. This is done by simply connecting the stretching arms 75 attheir rearward ends by a rigid bar 77, shown in detail in Fig. 3, and

I give an automatic feed-movement to the three-part frame, by thefollowing means: Upon a suitable support 80, mounted upon the bracket 33is journaled a disk 81 of any suitable diameter having upon one of itsfaces a series of ratchet teeth 83 and connected with a lever 84, whichhas a loose pivotal connection with the axis of the disk. The free endof this lever is provided with a fork S5 projecting toward the front andlying normallyin the path of a stud 86 which depends from the rear endof the type-carriage. Loose upon the axis 80 of the disk 81, andconnected with a slot in the lever 84 by a pin 84 is a pawl 87, whichhas positive engagement with the ratchet teeth 83 as the lever swings inone direction, but passes lightly over the same while moving in theopposite direction. As the type-carriage moves toward one end of theline in printing, the stud 86 engages the fork and carries the leverwith it through a small are of the disk, there leaving it; but inreturning to the position for the beginning of a new line, the same studengages the lever and swings it in the other direction and turns thedisk 81 with it, and thereby operating a cam 88 which acts upon aslottedslide-bar 89, and thereby throws the ink-stretching frame a shortdistance in one direction or the other, transversely to the line ofmovement of the carriage. The same movement may, evidently, beaccomplished by a link motion or by any of the known equivalents of thecam or link-lever.

I propose to provide means forthe automatic return of the type-carriageafterthe comple tion of each line by the traction of any preferred formof spring. As this movement requires but a comparatively slight force alight coil spring such as that shown in Fig. 2 by the reference numeral113, will render the movement automatic. upon the right-hand side of thehousing 3 of the typecarriage and fastened at its end to any suitablesupport, such as that shown at 114. A release bar 92 is mounted directlyin the rear of the space-bar, supported upon studs 93, which projectfrom the front of the housingand which lie in inclined slots 94 near theends of the release bar. The releasing bar 92 is straight along itslower edge or bottom, and is held in normal position by a spring 93*(Figs. 2 and 5). When it is desired to return the type-car riage towardthe operators left hand, the releasingbar 92 is pressed downward,against the lug 69 of the rock-shaft 69. The rocking movement of thelatter throws all the pawls on the type-carriage out of engagement withthe ratchet-plates 44 and 45. Upon the rock-shaft 69 are arms the endsof which bear (Figs. 1, 2 and 8), against the heels of the pawls 46 and47, and by pressure draw the noses of said pawls out of mesh with theratchet-plates. The spring 113 then returns the type-carriage to theleft side of the machine.

Said spring is coiled In order to enable the operator to return thetype-carriage by hand, after the completion of a line, the rock-shaft 69is .provided with an arm 60 which is brought along the front of thehousing 3, as in Fig. 8, and provided with an outwardly projecting lug,or foot 69,

on the extremity of a downwardly bent portion of the arm. By pressingthis foot down the rock-shaft 60 with arms 46 releases the dogs fromcontact with ratchet-plates 44 and and 45 and then the carriage can beplaced wherever desired.

The machine may be used either upon a detachable base 100, having twopaper feedrolls 101 and 102, operated for line space by any suitablemeans, or it may be placed bodily, after the removal of the base,between the parallel bars 103 of the leaf-holder, adapted to confine thepages of a ledger or record book of any size, to hold the same Hat andto guide the type-writer which is moved bodily between these bars togive the line space. In this case no feed devices are necessary, as thefeed must be varied upon different books, but as the operator may desiresome guide, notches 104 may be formed in the inner edges of these barsto indicate equal line spaces. These parallel bars 103 are connected bya rigid strip 105, and have connection to a lower parallel pair of bars106, by means of linked plates 107, so hinged as to give parallelmovement to the bars 103, toward or from the lower bars 106. The latterare connected at one end by a rigid bar 108, and adjustment to a limitedextent is given by means of slots 109 in the bars 106 at one end toaccommodate the device to different lengths of book. Slots 110 areformed in the other ends and brackets 112 are mounted upon the lowerbars to move in these slots and aiford a firm hold upon the ends of thebook. As I use one of these leaf-holders upon each side of the book theywill have independent adjustment and may be contracted to confine anynumber of pages, he the same more or less, holding them perfectly flatas the type-writer moves between the parallel bars 103.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a type-writer, the combination with a movable type-carriage, oftwo independent ratchet-plates, one rigid the other movable, twospring-pressed pawls having independent action and engaging saidratchet-plates and means for operating the movable ratchet,substantially as specified.

2. In a typewriter, the combination with a movable type-carriage of twoindependent ratchet-plates, one movable the other rigid, twospring-pressed pawls, having independent action, a reciprocating frame,vibrated by the key-levers and a connection between said frame and themovable ratchet-plate substantially as specified.

3. In a type-writer, the combination with the movable type carriage, ofa type-disk, a system of gears, a segment gear, a selectionbar,substantially parallel with the line of movement of the carriage, and aseries of keylevers acting upon the selection-bar to give differentialmovement thereto, substantially as specified.

4. In a type-writer, the combination, with a movable type-carriage, of atype-disk, a system of gears, a segment gear, a selection-bar parallelor substantially so with the line of movement of the type-carriage, anda series of similar key levers having slots to receive the selection-barand having such arrangement that the cam-edges adjacent to said slotsupon one side shall have a differential range of action upon theselection-bar, substantially as specified.

5. In a type-writer, the combination, with a movable type-carriage, of atype-disk, a system of gears, a segment gear, a selection-bar parallel,or substantially so with the line of movement of the type-carriage, andhaving arms'at its ends pivoted in rigid supports, and a series ofsimilar key-levers having slots which receive the selection-bar at itsdifferent limits of movement and provided with cam edges havingdifferential action upon said selection-bar, substantially as specified.

6. In a type-writer, the combination, with a movable type-carriage, of afixed ratchetplate, a movable ratchet-plate, independentlyacting pawlsautomatically meshed with said ratchet-plates, a series of key-levers,and means intermediate of said levers and the movable ratchet-plate,whereby movement is given intermittently to the latter in a lineparallel with the line of movement of the type-carriage, substantiallyas specified.

7. In a type-writer, an inking-ribbon, a stretching frame, to which theends of said ribbon are clamped, and automatic means for giving anintermittent movement to said ribhon-stretching frame to expose adifferent longitudinal portion thereof to the line of type-impressionssaid movement being imparted at one end of the line, substantially asspecified.

8. In a type-writer, an inking-ribbon, a ribbon-stretching frame towhich the ends of said ribbon are clamped, automatic means for giving anintermittent feed-movement to said ribbon-stretching frame at one end ofthe line of type-impressions and at an angle to said line, a movabletype-carriage carrying a series of type and means for impressing saidtype upon the inking-ribbon and paper, substantially as specified.

9. In a type-writer, a movable type-carriage, a rotary type-disk uponsaid carriage, a system of gears imparting rotary movement to thetype-disk, means for imparting differential rotary movement to saidgears, and a clutch to lock one or the other of two gears to the shaftof the type-disk, substantially as specified.

10. In a typewriter, the combination with a movable type-carriage, of arotary typedisk, a single gear imparting rotation to said disk, and aclutch to lock either of two gears to the shaft of said disk,substantially as specified.

11. In a type-writer, the combination, with a movable type-carriage, ofa type-disk mounted upon said carriage, a series of keylevers, anactuating-gear, a single segmentgear having a gear-face of a widthsubstantially equal to the length of the line of movement of thetype-carriage, said segment-gear being intermediate between saidkey-levers and the actuating-gear, a clutch and clutchlever and twoopposite bevel-gears meshing with the actuating-gear and loose upon theshaft of said type-disk on opposite sides of the axis of theactuating-gear, substantially as specified.

12. In a typewriter, the combination, with a type -impressing mechanismcapable of bodily movement, of a page-holder composed of two upper andtwo lower bars rigidly connected in parallelism, the upper members beingunited to the lower by hinged connections to give a parallel adjustmentin either direction without; longitudinal movement, substantially asspecified.

13. In a type-writer, the combination with a movable type-carriage, oftwo independent ratchet plates one movable and the other fixed, orrigid, each having two separate, parallel toothed members, one arrangedin or near the front and the other in or near the rear of the saidtype-carriage, independent pawls engaging said toothed members and meansfor operating the movable ratchet- 'plate, substantially as described.

14. In a type-writer, the combination with a movable type-carriage oftwo independent ratchet-plates, one movable and the other fixed orrigid, each of said ratchet-plates consisting of two parallel toothedportions, or members, one of which lies in front and the other in rearof the central line of said typecarriage four independent,spring-pressed pawls pivoted upon the type-carriage and meshing withsaid ratchet-plates, a device vibrated by the depression of any one ofthe key-levers, and a connection between said device and the movableratchet-plate, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN JACKSON.

Witnesses:

WM. A. EASTERDAY, OHAs. B. TILDEN.

ICC

